The first report of essential oil composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. growing in the Sistan region and its antibacterial activity

Khedri, Mehdi; Mirshekar, Ali; Khani, Abbas; Mohkami, Zaynab; Ghorbani Ghouzhdi, Hassan

doi:10.22034/aes.2021.144188

The first report of essential oil composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. growing in the Sistan region and its antibacterial activity

Document Type : Original research article

Authors

Mehdi Khedri ¹

Ali Mirshekar ¹

Abbas Khani ¹

Zaynab Mohkami ²

Hassan Ghorbani Ghouzhdi ³

¹ Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

² Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

³ Faculty of Sciences, Department of Agriculture, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, Iran

10.22034/aes.2021.144188

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the chemical compounds in the essential oil extracted from the flowering branch of Vitex agnus-castus L., grown in the Sistan region (Sistan and Baluchestan Province), and its antibacterial effects. Samples were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger–type apparatus and analyzed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitex essential oil, 30 bioactive compounds were identified. The most important compounds are 1,8-Cineole (39.16%), Sabinene (8.78%), β-Myrcene (6.44%), Sclareol (4.3%), and trans-Caryophyllene (3.17%). The composition of the essential oil of Vitex agnus-castus was described for the first time from Sistan region. Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778) was the most sensitive strain against this essential oil, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ISIRI 275) was the most resistant strain. The monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes confer the chemical profile of the analyzed essential oil of vitex causing antibacterial effects. Further studies are required to explain the oil mechanism of action of this species involved in antimicrobial activities

Highlights

The antibacterial properties of essential oil extracted from the flowering branch of vitex grown in Sistan and Baluchestan were investigated.

Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze hydrodistilled samples.

Major compounds of vitex include 1,8-cineole, Sabinene, Myrcene, Sclareol, and trans-Caryophyllene.

Bacillus cereus was the most susceptible to this essential oil, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant.

More research is required to understand this species' antimicrobial oil mechanism of action.

Keywords

Antimicrobial effect

Essence

Food-borne pathogens

GC-MS

Eryigit, T., Cig, A., Okut, N., Yildirim, B., Ekici, K., 2015. Evaluation of Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Vitex agnus castus L. Fruits’ Essential Oils from West Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18(1), 208-214.

Ghannadi, A., Bagherinejad, M.R., Abedi, D., Jalali, M., Absalan, B., Sadeghi, N., 2012. Antibacterial activity and composition of essential oils from Pelargonium graveolens L’ Her and Vitex agnus-castus L. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 4(4), 171-176.

Ghorbani Ghouzhdi, H., Mohkami, Z., Estaji, A., 2021. Medicinal plants and Iranian Traditional Medicine. Marz Danesh Publications. 607 p. (In Persian).

Habbab, A., Sekkoum, K., Belboukhari, N., Cheriti, A. and Aboul-Enein, H.Y., 2016. Essential oil chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. from Southern-West Algeria and its antimicrobial activity. Current Bioactive Compounds, 12(1), 51-60.

Hamid, A.A., Usman, L.A., Adebayo, S.A., Zubair, M.F., Elaigwu, S.E., 2010. Chemical Constituents of Leaf Essential Oil of North-central Nigerian Grown Vitex agnus-castus L. Advances in Environmental Biology, 4(2), 250–253.

Küçükboyaciand, N., Sener, B., 2010. Two Major Flavonoids from the Fruits of Vitex agnus castus L. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(2), 119-126.

Malesand, Z., Blazevic, N. 1998. Composition of the essential oil of Vitex agnus-castus L. f. rosea fruits. Pharmazie, 53(10), 728-729.

Maltaş, E., Uysal, A., Yıldız, S., Durak, Y., 2010. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 19(12b), 3094–3099.

Mazandarani, M., Mirdeilami, SZ., Pessarakli, M., 2013. Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Achillea millefolium L. from different regions in Northeast of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(16),1063–1069.

Nasri, S., Ebrahimi Vasati Kolaei, S. 2005. Medicinal effects of the Chaste berry plant (Vitex agnus-castus L.). Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 8(7), 49-53.

Owuama, C., 2017. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using a novel dilution tube method. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 11(23), 977-980.

Ricarte, L.P., Bezerra, G.P., Romero, N.R., Silva, H.C., Lemos, T.L., Arriaga, A., Alves, P.B., SANTOS, M.B., Militao, G.C., Silva, T.D., Braz-Filho, R., 2020. Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils from Vitex-agnus castus, Ocimum campechianum and Ocimum carnosum. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 92.

Rota, M.C., Herrera, A., Martínez, R.M., Sotomayor, J.A., Jordán, M.J., 2008. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis and Thymus hyemalis essential oils. Food Control, 19(7), 681-687.

Sarikurkcu, C., Arisoy, K., Tepe, B., Cakir, A., Abali, G., Mete, E., 2009. Studies on the antioxidant activity of essential oil and different solvent extracts of Vitex agnus castus L. fruits from Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(10), 2479-2483.

Stojkovic, D., Sokovic, M., Glamoclija, J., Dzamic, A., Ciric, A., Ristic, M., Grubišic, D., 2011. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. fruits and leaves essential oils. Food Chemistry, 128, 1017-1022.

Tandon, S., Mittal, A.K., Pant, A.K., 2008. Insect growth regulatory activity of Vitex trifolia and Vitex agnus-castus essential oils against Spilosoma obliqua. Fitoterapia, 79(4), 283-286.

Tin, B., Kurtoglu, C., Sevindik, E., 2017. Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Vitex agnus-castus (Verbenaceae) Fruits Essential Oils Grown in Aydın/Turkey. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences, 2(2), 171-174.

Van Den Dool, H., Kratz, P.D., 1963. A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas liquid partition chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 11, 463-471.

Webster, D.E., Lu, J., Chen, S.N., Farnsworth, N.R., Wang, Z.J., 2006. Activation of the μ-opiate receptor by Vitex agnus-castus methanol extracts: implication for its use in PMS. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 106(2), 216-221.

Webster, D.E., He, Y., Chen, S.N., Pauli, G.F., Farnsworth, N.R., Wang, Z.J., 2011. Opioidergic mechanisms underlying the actions of Vitex agnus-castus L. Biochemical pharmacology, 81(1), 170-177.

Yaldiz, G., Sekeroglu, N., 2013. Küresel Iklim Degisikliginde Tibbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Önemi. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 6(1), 85-88.