Effect of GA₃ on morphological and yield traits in single and triple capsule sesame accessions under field conditions

Fazeli Kakhki, Seyyed Fazel; Riahinia, Shahram; Goldani, Morteza

doi:10.22034/aes.2025.470641.1080

Effect of GA₃ on morphological and yield traits in single and triple capsule sesame accessions under field conditions

Document Type : Original research article

Authors

Seyyed Fazel Fazeli Kakhki ¹

Shahram Riahinia ²

Morteza Goldani ³

¹ Khorasan razavi agricultural and natural resources research and education center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

² Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

10.22034/aes.2025.470641.1080

Abstract

Phytohormones, such as gibberellic acid (GA₃), are integral to the regulation of plant development, influencing processes that enhance genetic potential and performance. To determine the effect of GA₃ on some morphological and yield components of sesame (Sesamum indicum L), an experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement based on a complete block design in three replications. The first factor involved two sesame genotypes: one producing a single capsule per leaf axil (CAP1) and another producing triple capsules per leaf axil (CAP2). The second factor was the concentration of GA₃ applied, with treatments at 0 ppm (control), 50 ppm, and 100 ppm. Significant differences were observed in plant morphology and yield components as influenced by GA₃ treatment. Notably, the CAP2 genotype treated with 50 ppm GA₃ as a seed priming agent exhibited the greatest plant height (102 cm). This treatment also resulted in the highest number of nodes with triple capsules and the maximum number of capsules per plant. In terms of biomass, the fresh and dry weights were significantly increased by 72% and 73%, respectively, in the CAP2 genotype primed with 50 ppm GA₃, compared to the lowest values recorded under the 100 ppm GA₃ foliar spray treatment. Furthermore, the 1000-seed weight was maximized under the 50 ppm GA₃ seed priming treatment in the CAP2 genotype. These findings underscore the efficacy of 50 ppm GA₃ seed priming in enhancing morphological and yield attributes in sesame, particularly in genotypes with triple capsules per leaf axil. The study suggests potential agronomic benefits in utilizing GA₃ to optimize sesame crop performance.

Highlights

· The study investigates the effects of GA₃ on the growth and yield components of two sesame varieties.

· The study focuses on different concentrations and application methods consisting of seed priming and foliar spraying.

· The study identifies that 50 ppm GA₃ is the most effective concentration for improving growth and yield traits in sesame.

· The paper shows that GA₃ treatment significantly improved yield components, with CAP2 plants.

Keywords

1000-seed weight

Biomass

Length of branch

Node of triple capsule per plant

Number of capsules per plant

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